Paving composition



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Patented May 25, 1926.

umrso S'TATESH-PATENT OFFlCE.

aosnrn HAY AMIES, or PHIllJADELPHIA, rnnnsvrvhnra.

PAVING COMPOSITION No Drawing. Application filed April 4, 1924, SerialNo. 704,251; Renewed November 1.9, 1925.

The object of this improvement-is to produce the herein specifiedcomposition, to be employed, particularly, in the formation ofsub-foundations, for street and highway constructions. It may, however,be used for flooring, roofing, and the like.

It can be placed upon any stapdard road foundation. 1 l In accomplishingthe results desired, it should be particularly noted, that very great,if not perfect condensation, can be secured in soil, when treated asherein described. Owing to the character and dispostion of soil, all airand gases may be expelled, completely, because, soils will sulficientlyinter-amalgamate and associate. It has been found that the voids in soilmay be reduced, under heavy compression, to less than five per cent,whilst in brokp, stone and sand bituminous compositions, 1t has beenfound to be practically impossible to reduce the voids to less thantwenty-six per cent. I y

It should be particularly noted, that the fine grade, must be fullysteadfast. If it expands and contracts, the highway will lift and sink,from-time to time. This is caused by the assumption of water and thedraining oif, thereof. If in a given'space, of the highway base, one tonof water is held at a given time, and at another given time, justafter acopious rain fall, it holds ten tons of water, the bottom base of thegrade will swell, and lift the entire superstructure, of the highway,until the water drains off, and then the bottom grade will retire to itsnormal situation, whilst' the super-structure may only retire partlydown to the bottom grade, leaving depression and unevenness at thebottomjof the sub-foundation of the highway, which will expressthemselves upon the wearing surface of the street or road. This isbecause water is practically incompressible and will occupy,persistently, one cubic foot of space for about every sixty-two poundsof water. Water on this account causes the bottom grade soil to swelland expandpowerfully and lift. the road super-structure. Ordinarydrainage will not provide against this a destructive agent.

It is to be observed that in the construc tion of a highway, greatsatisfaction and convenience would be enjoyed ina concretesub-structure, devised to secure an im mediate setting. In that case,traffic could proceed without inconvenience, as

soon as the road construction should have been finished. This would alsobe the means of preventing considerable additional 0 cost, as comparedto-a concrete sub-structure that ,mustbe allowed many days, and perhapsseveral weeks, to allow for setting, as is the case in the instance ofWhat is called re-enforced concrete highways.

, The herein described composition will immediately, harden and serve atonce as. a sub-foundation for any type of wearing surface,

T will now describe, in particular, my 9 present composition adapted togive the foregoing stated desired results. I take local soil and placeit in asuitable standard mixing machine. The mixing machine should beadapted to work the saidsoil amount of water, secured from the deepground where it is held and secreted, and therefore, usually, the soil,in its natural condition, provides all the moisture required in makingmy herein described composition. Usu ally, water, employed in makingstandard concretes, when carried from considerable distances, costs fromten to fifteen per cent of the total. expense of manufac-.

turiirg the c'oncretes'; because the quantity of water used inmanufacturing standard con'cretes is equal to the bulk of the Port.-land cement employed. When the foregoing results have been secured, lladd to each three measures of the finely maceratedsoil within the mixer,about one measure 105 of the calcined sulphateof calcium. The object ofthe. mixing at this point, is to get a very intimate, inter-associatedand amalgamated concrete composition, and the contents of the mixer, bytlus time, no should be in sem dry state, and ready to Soil Q willbecome fully macerated by the action accept very heavy compressionresulting in the forming of a very solid unyielding, semi-collodial,sub-foundation, before the initial setting will have begun. ,Theparticular advantage derived from this process,

is, that this composition will become immediately very tough andunyielding. Little time need be extended to it before applying theretoany type of wearing surfacing. It may be, at once, given over to generaltrafiic.

Having described my invention what I claim as new and of particularadvantage is:

The herein described paving composition consisting of natural soil mixedin the proportion of about three measures of water dampened soil withabout one measure of calcined sulphate of calcium, for the purposes asherein specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

JOSEPH HAY AMIES.

